David J. Braverman

T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. (Price Associates) is a SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Baltimore, Maryland. The firm was founded by Thomas Rowe Price, Jr. in 1937. They are a subsidiary of the T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: TROW), which was formed in 2000 as the publicly traded parent holding company of Price Associates and their affiliated entities. Price Associates offers a variety of mutual funds, sub-advisory services and separate account management for individual and institutional investors, retirement plans and financial intermediaries.

Kaufman, Hall & Associates LLC provides management consulting services and enterprise performance management software solutions. Its consulting services include strategic advisory services; debt and derivatives-related advisory services; strategic financial and capital planning services; capital allocation and decision making services; and merger, acquisition, real estate, and joint venture services. The firm also offers a performance management software platform that enables data-driven analysis with solutions for strategy management, budgeting, forecasting, reporting, consolidations, capital planning, profitability, and cost management on a single integrated platform that can be accessed via the cloud or on premise based on customer preference. The company was founded in 1985 and is headquartered in Chicago, IL.

Founded in 2000, IMC Chicago LLC is a proprietary trading and broker/dealer located in Chicago, Illinois. The firm is active in the North American markets as a wholly-owned subsidiary of International Marketmakers Combination BV (IMC) of Amsterdam, one of the largest derivatives trading houses in Europe. Their traders actively trade on the CBOE, PHLX, CME, the NYSE Arca and the ISE, all through screen-based trading. IMC Chicago is active in indices, equity options, cash futures and quantitative trading strategies. The firm provides an array of trading an execution services for their clients. They do not provide any internal research.

AllianceBernstein LP (AB) is a SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Nashville, Tennessee. Founded in 2000, the firm is owned by Equitable Financial Life Insurance Co., ultimately held by Equitable Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: EQH). AB provides investment advice to investment companies, pension and profit-sharing plans, banks and thrift institutions, trusts, estates, government agencies, charitable organizations, individuals, corporations and other business entities.