Charlie F. Lovejoy

Putnam Investment Management LLC (PIM) is a SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1971, the firm is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam US Holdings I LLC and became an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc. (NYSE: BEN) in 2024. PIM provides investment advice across all asset classes to individuals and institutions worldwide through separately managed accounts and pooled investment funds.

ClearBridge LLC is an investment advisory firm headquartered in Baltimore, Maryland. The firm was founded by Bill Miller in 1982 as Legg Mason Capital Management LLC. They are a subsidiary of Legg Mason, Inc., which is owned by Franklin Resources, Inc. (NYSE: BEN). ClearBridge provides investment advice to high net-worth individuals, investment companies, pension and profit-sharing plans, other pooled investment vehicle, charitable organizations, endowments, foundations, corporations, state or municipal government entities, sovereign wealth funds, insurance companies and other tax-exempt entities.

Founded in 1969, QS Batterymarch Financial Management, Inc. is a registered investment advisor located in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm is a wholly-owned, independently managed subsidiary of Legg Mason, Inc. (NYSE: LM). They provide investment advisory and sub-advisory services to a wide variety of institutional investors. Legg Mason, Inc.'s acquisition of QS Investors LLC was effective May 30, 2014. As a result, QS Investors, Batterymarch Financial Management, Inc. and Legg Mason Global Asset Allocation LLC became subject to common management and investment oversight, with the objective of integrating the firms to create a combined investment platform offering solutions, quantitative equity, liquid alternatives and multi-manager asset allocation.