David P. Nolan

SSgA Funds Management, Inc. (SSgA FM) is a SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm was founded in 1978 and is a subsidiary of State Street Global Advisors, Inc., ultimately held by State Street Corp. (NYSE: STT). SSgA FM provides investment advisory services to US investment companies and certain pooled investment vehicles.

Wellington Management Co. LLP (WMC) is a registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm was founded in 1928 and is a subsidiary of Wellington Investment Advisors Holdings LLP, ultimately held by Wellington Management Group LLP. WMC offers investment management services for a fee to separate account clients and mutual funds sponsored by unaffiliated parties, as well as to investment vehicles that the firm sponsors.

Geode Capital Management LLC (Geode) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm was founded in 2001 as a spin-off of Fidelity Investments. They are now a subsidiary of Geode Capital Holdings LLC, owned by Geode Holdings Trust. Geode acts as adviser and sub-adviser for equity, commodity and options strategies for funds and client accounts.

Founded in 1898, Northeastern University is a private research university located in the heart of Boston. Northeastern teaches worldwide experiential learning, urban engagement, and interdisciplinary research that meets global and societal needs. The University offers a range of undergraduate and graduate programs leading to degrees through the doctorate in nine colleges and schools.

Income Research & Management, Inc., dba Income Research + Management (IR+M), is a privately-owned, independent, fixed income investment management firm headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm was co-founded by John A. Sommers and Jack A. Sommers in 1987. IR+M manages US fixed income portfolios for institutional and private clients, several US fixed income private investment funds, and collective investment trusts for qualified investors.

Putnam Investments LLC operates as an investment advisory company. The company was founded on May 14, 2009 and is headquartered in Boston, MA.

Putnam Investment Management LLC (PIM) is a SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1971, the firm is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam US Holdings I LLC and became an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc. (NYSE: BEN) in 2024. PIM provides investment advice across all asset classes to individuals and institutions worldwide through separately managed accounts and pooled investment funds.

FMR LLC engages in the provision of financial and investment services. It offers financial planning and advice, wealth management, retirement plans, trading and brokerage services, and investment products. The company was founded by Edward C. Johnson II in 1946 and is headquartered in Boston, MA.

Covestor, Inc. operates as a online investment management platform. Its platform and technology allows delivering specialized active and passive investing solutions at a lower cost and with the benefit of online convenience. Its platform give investors access to institutional style investment strategies, delivered in the security of their own brokerage accounts. The company was founded by Perry Rael Blacher, Richard Kevork Tahta and Simon Veingard in 2007 and is headquartered in Boston, MA.

B. Riley Securities, Inc. is a registered broker/dealer headquartered in Los Angeles, California. The firm is a subsidiary of B. Riley Securities Holdings LLC, ultimately owned by B. Riley Financial, Inc. (NASDAQ: RILY). The firm was formed in 2017, when B. Riley Financial, Inc. merged two of their brokers, B. Riley & Co. (founded in 1997) and FBR Capital Markets & Co. (founded in 1989), under the name of B. Riley FBR, Inc. B. Riley Securities provides research and trading ideas to institutional clients and high net-worth individuals. They provide investment banking services to a wide range of middle-market private and public companies.

Putnam Retail Management LP is a private company based in Morrisville, NC.

Fidelity Management & Research Co. (FMR) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm was founded in 1946 and is a subsidiary of FMR LLC, also known as Fidelity Investments. FMR provides investment supervisory services, which include sub-advisory services, to Fidelity's family of mutual funds and exchange-traded funds, qualified tuition programs, privately offered unregistered investment funds, separately managed account clients, and various other institutional accounts.

Causeway Capital Management LLC (Causeway) is a SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Los Angeles, California. The firm was founded by Harry Hartford and Sarah Ketterer in 2001 as HWI Capital Management LLC. They are a subsidiary of Causeway Capital Holdings LLC. Causeway provides international, global, and emerging markets equity investment management services to institutional clients such as corporations, pension plans, sovereign wealth funds, superannuation funds, public retirement plans, Taft-Hartley pension plans, endowments and foundations, mutual funds and other collective investment vehicles, charities, private trusts and funds, wrap fee programs, and other institutions.

Part of Manulife Financial Corp., John Hancock Funds, Inc. provides investment services. The company is based in Lansdowne, PA. Andrew Grant Arnott has been the CEO of the company since 2012.

Covestor Ltd. is an investment advisory firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 2006 and do-business-as Interactive Advisors, Interactive Advisers, Interactive Brokers Asset Management, IB Asset Management, and IBKR Asset Management. It is owned by Covestor, Inc. and their ultimate parent is Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: IBKR) in the US. Covestor offers an online investment platform through which its clients (individuals, trusts, corporations and other legal entities) can invest in two types of portfolios: (1) trading strategies managed by third-party portfolio managers (“Manager Portfolios”) and (2) proprietary investment portfolios designed and managed by the firm itself (“Interactive Advisors Portfolios”).

Evergreen Investments Associates, Inc. provides investment services. The private company is based in Tacoma, WA.

Citadel Advisors LLC is a SEC-registered investment advisor and hedge fund manager headquartered in Miami, Florida. The firm was founded in 1990 by Kenneth Griffin and is wholly-owned by Citadel Advisors Holdings LP, ultimately held by GFH HFEVA LLC. Citadel Advisors manages private investment funds that are offered exclusively to sophisticated investors.

BlackRock Fund Advisors (BFA) is a registered investment advisor headquartered in San Francisco, California. The firm was founded in 1984 and is a subsidiary of BlackRock Delaware Holdings, Inc., ultimately held by BlackRock, Inc. (NYSE: BLK). BFA manages assets for US registered investment companies, including ETFs. Mandates include cash management, equity, fixed income, multi-asset and index strategies.

Allspring Global Investments LLC (Allspring) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina. Prior to November 2021, the firm was known as Wells Capital Management, Inc. They are a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Allspring Global Investments Holdings LLC, ultimately held by Allspring Group Holdings LLC. Allspring provides investment management services to mutual funds, private funds, offshore funds, collective investment trusts (CITs), pooled vehicles and client accounts.

Accenture LLC operates as a global management consulting, technology services and outsourcing company. The company is headquartered in Reston, VA.

Cushing Asset Management LP is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Dallas, Texas. The firm was founded by Jerry Swank in 2003 and they are a wholly-owned subsidiary of Swank Capital LLC. Cushing Asset Management provides investment management services on a discretionary basis to high net-worth individuals and institutional investors through Private Funds, Mutual Funds, ETFs, Closed-End Funds and Managed Accounts. They also offer discretionary investment management services as part of various wrap fee programs offered by investment advisers/broker-dealers.