Ira Polk
Direktor/Vorstandsmitglied bei Futures Industry Association
Aktive Beziehungen
| Name | Geschlecht | Alter | Unternehmensverbindungen | Zusammenarbeit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walt Lukken | M | - |
Futures Industry Association
 Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | 12 Jahre |
| Najib Lamhaouar | M | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | 10 Jahre |
| Bernard W. Dan | M | 63 |
MF Global Holdings Ltd.
 MF Global Holdings Ltd. Investment Banks/BrokersFinance MF Global Holdings Ltd. provides execution and clearing services for exchange-traded and over-the-counter derivative products. It offers customized solutions in global cash and derivatives markets. The firm also provides research and market commentary to help clients make trading decisions, as well as providing client financing and securities lending services. The company was founded in 2007 and is headquartered in New York, NY.
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | 3 Jahre |
| Michael C. Dawley | M | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | - |
| Alice P. White | M | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | - |
| Mark Scott Ibbotson | M | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | - |
| Christopher Hehmeyer | M | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | - |
| Kenneth Raisler | M | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | 10 Jahre |
| Jacqueline Hamra Mesa | F | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | 11 Jahre |
| Antoine J. Babule | M | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | 10 Jahre |
| Michael R. Schaefer | M | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | - |
| Arthur W. Hahn | M | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | 10 Jahre |
| Jeffrey Eugene Howard | M | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | 10 Jahre |
| Jamila Piracci | F | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | - |
| Clive Christison | M | 52 |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | 10 Jahre |
| Thomas J. Erickson | M | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | - |
| Jeffery Jennings | M | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | - |
| Patrice Etienne Blanc | M | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | 21 Jahre |
| Maria Petridou | F | 47 |
MF Global Holdings Ltd.
MF Global Holdings Ltd. Investment Banks/BrokersFinance MF Global Holdings Ltd. provides execution and clearing services for exchange-traded and over-the-counter derivative products. It offers customized solutions in global cash and derivatives markets. The firm also provides research and market commentary to help clients make trading decisions, as well as providing client financing and securities lending services. The company was founded in 2007 and is headquartered in New York, NY. | 16 Jahre |
| Don Byron | M | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | - |
| Robert S. Creamer | M | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | 10 Jahre |
| Peter G. Johnson | M | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | - |
| Edward Pla | M | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | 10 Jahre |
| Gina McFadden | F | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | - |
| Edward J. Rosen | M | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | - |
| Arthur F. Bell | M | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | - |
| Dennis A. Klejna | M | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | - |
| Thomas F. LaSala | M | 62 |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | - |
| Russ Rausch | M | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | - |
| Patrice M Blanc | M | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | 10 Jahre |
| Gerald L. Fishman | M | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | - |
| Daryl Dewbrey | M | 51 |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | - |
| Michael E. Cahill | M | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | - |
| Dennis T. Scurletis | M | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | - |
| Peter J. McLady | M | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | - |
| Richard B. Gorelick | M | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | 10 Jahre |
| Michael McClain | M | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | - |
| Laurie Ferber | F | 71 |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | - |
| Craig Thomas Abruzzo | M | 55 |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | 10 Jahre |
| John M. Murphy | M | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | 4 Jahre |
| Alicia Crighton | F | - |
Futures Industry Association
Futures Industry Association Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Futures Industry Association operates an international swaps and derivatives association. The non-profit company is based in Washington and has subsidiaries in the United States. Walt Lukken has been the CEO of the American company since 2012. | - |
Beziehungs-Chart
Beziehungen zu mehreren Unternehmen
Ehemalige Beziehungen
| Name | Geschlecht | Alter | Unternehmensverbindungen | Zusammenarbeit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| John Randy MacDonald | M | 68 |
MF Global Holdings Ltd.
MF Global Holdings Ltd. Investment Banks/BrokersFinance MF Global Holdings Ltd. provides execution and clearing services for exchange-traded and over-the-counter derivative products. It offers customized solutions in global cash and derivatives markets. The firm also provides research and market commentary to help clients make trading decisions, as well as providing client financing and securities lending services. The company was founded in 2007 and is headquartered in New York, NY. | - |
| Edward L. Goldberg | M | 84 |
MF Global Holdings Ltd.
MF Global Holdings Ltd. Investment Banks/BrokersFinance MF Global Holdings Ltd. provides execution and clearing services for exchange-traded and over-the-counter derivative products. It offers customized solutions in global cash and derivatives markets. The firm also provides research and market commentary to help clients make trading decisions, as well as providing client financing and securities lending services. The company was founded in 2007 and is headquartered in New York, NY. | 4 Jahre |
| Martin John Gardner Glynn | M | 72 |
MF Global Holdings Ltd.
MF Global Holdings Ltd. Investment Banks/BrokersFinance MF Global Holdings Ltd. provides execution and clearing services for exchange-traded and over-the-counter derivative products. It offers customized solutions in global cash and derivatives markets. The firm also provides research and market commentary to help clients make trading decisions, as well as providing client financing and securities lending services. The company was founded in 2007 and is headquartered in New York, NY. | 3 Jahre |
| David Ira Schamis | M | 50 |
MF Global Holdings Ltd.
MF Global Holdings Ltd. Investment Banks/BrokersFinance MF Global Holdings Ltd. provides execution and clearing services for exchange-traded and over-the-counter derivative products. It offers customized solutions in global cash and derivatives markets. The firm also provides research and market commentary to help clients make trading decisions, as well as providing client financing and securities lending services. The company was founded in 2007 and is headquartered in New York, NY. | 3 Jahre |
| Eileen S. Fusco | F | 67 |
MF Global Holdings Ltd.
MF Global Holdings Ltd. Investment Banks/BrokersFinance MF Global Holdings Ltd. provides execution and clearing services for exchange-traded and over-the-counter derivative products. It offers customized solutions in global cash and derivatives markets. The firm also provides research and market commentary to help clients make trading decisions, as well as providing client financing and securities lending services. The company was founded in 2007 and is headquartered in New York, NY. | 4 Jahre |
| Laura Wright | F | 64 |
Arthur Young & Co.
| - |
| Robert S. Sloan | M | 60 |
MF Global Holdings Ltd.
MF Global Holdings Ltd. Investment Banks/BrokersFinance MF Global Holdings Ltd. provides execution and clearing services for exchange-traded and over-the-counter derivative products. It offers customized solutions in global cash and derivatives markets. The firm also provides research and market commentary to help clients make trading decisions, as well as providing client financing and securities lending services. The company was founded in 2007 and is headquartered in New York, NY. | 4 Jahre |
| Amy Butte | F | 56 |
MF Global Holdings Ltd.
MF Global Holdings Ltd. Investment Banks/BrokersFinance MF Global Holdings Ltd. provides execution and clearing services for exchange-traded and over-the-counter derivative products. It offers customized solutions in global cash and derivatives markets. The firm also provides research and market commentary to help clients make trading decisions, as well as providing client financing and securities lending services. The company was founded in 2007 and is headquartered in New York, NY. | - |
| Ann Parsons | F | - |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 12 Jahre |
| Robert Barton | M | 66 |
Arthur Young & Co.
| - |
| Robert Feerick | M | 75 |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 11 Jahre |
| Robert M. Felsenthal | M | - |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 8 Jahre |
| Andrea J. Kellett | F | 67 |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 3 Jahre |
| James A. Heisch | M | 80 |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 5 Jahre |
| Anne Sterling Dorman | F | - |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 9 Jahre |
| Loretta M. Auer | F | - |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 8 Jahre |
| Paul Oroian | M | 70 |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 3 Jahre |
| Thomas Connolly | M | 66 |
MF Global Holdings Ltd.
MF Global Holdings Ltd. Investment Banks/BrokersFinance MF Global Holdings Ltd. provides execution and clearing services for exchange-traded and over-the-counter derivative products. It offers customized solutions in global cash and derivatives markets. The firm also provides research and market commentary to help clients make trading decisions, as well as providing client financing and securities lending services. The company was founded in 2007 and is headquartered in New York, NY. | - |
| Martin J. Annese | M | 65 |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 3 Jahre |
| John Michael Rauh | M | 74 |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 8 Jahre |
| Amy Butte Liebowitz | F | - |
MF Global Holdings Ltd.
MF Global Holdings Ltd. Investment Banks/BrokersFinance MF Global Holdings Ltd. provides execution and clearing services for exchange-traded and over-the-counter derivative products. It offers customized solutions in global cash and derivatives markets. The firm also provides research and market commentary to help clients make trading decisions, as well as providing client financing and securities lending services. The company was founded in 2007 and is headquartered in New York, NY. | 2 Jahre |
| David Dunne | M | - |
MF Global Holdings Ltd.
MF Global Holdings Ltd. Investment Banks/BrokersFinance MF Global Holdings Ltd. provides execution and clearing services for exchange-traded and over-the-counter derivative products. It offers customized solutions in global cash and derivatives markets. The firm also provides research and market commentary to help clients make trading decisions, as well as providing client financing and securities lending services. The company was founded in 2007 and is headquartered in New York, NY. | - |
| Buzz E. Thorman | M | - |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 3 Jahre |
| Stephen Dyer | M | - |
Arthur Young & Co.
| - |
| Avram D. Kornberg | M | 63 |
MF Global Holdings Ltd.
MF Global Holdings Ltd. Investment Banks/BrokersFinance MF Global Holdings Ltd. provides execution and clearing services for exchange-traded and over-the-counter derivative products. It offers customized solutions in global cash and derivatives markets. The firm also provides research and market commentary to help clients make trading decisions, as well as providing client financing and securities lending services. The company was founded in 2007 and is headquartered in New York, NY. | - |
| Teng Choong Sam | M | - |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 12 Jahre |
| Reynold Manahan Batubara | M | 68 |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 7 Jahre |
| Jon L. Hart | M | 66 |
Arthur Young & Co.
| - |
| Mary Stephens | F | - |
Arthur Young & Co.
| - |
| John R. Powers | M | 69 |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 6 Jahre |
| Aniello A. Bianco | M | - |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 20 Jahre |
| David Ramon | M | 68 |
Arthur Young & Co.
| - |
| Casey A. Fletcher | M | - |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 3 Jahre |
| William T. Clifford | M | 77 |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 4 Jahre |
| Mel Woods | M | - |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 8 Jahre |
| Paul F. Manley | M | 87 |
Arthur Young & Co.
| - |
| Biggs Porter | M | 70 |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 9 Jahre |
| Arnold Hanish | M | 76 |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 5 Jahre |
| James P. Myers | M | 84 |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 9 Jahre |
| William E. Hantke | M | 76 |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 5 Jahre |
| Simon P. Healy | M | 64 |
MF Global Holdings Ltd.
MF Global Holdings Ltd. Investment Banks/BrokersFinance MF Global Holdings Ltd. provides execution and clearing services for exchange-traded and over-the-counter derivative products. It offers customized solutions in global cash and derivatives markets. The firm also provides research and market commentary to help clients make trading decisions, as well as providing client financing and securities lending services. The company was founded in 2007 and is headquartered in New York, NY. | - |
| Michael K. Roseman | M | 63 |
MF Global Holdings Ltd.
MF Global Holdings Ltd. Investment Banks/BrokersFinance MF Global Holdings Ltd. provides execution and clearing services for exchange-traded and over-the-counter derivative products. It offers customized solutions in global cash and derivatives markets. The firm also provides research and market commentary to help clients make trading decisions, as well as providing client financing and securities lending services. The company was founded in 2007 and is headquartered in New York, NY. | - |
| Jacob D. Rosengarten | M | 68 |
Arthur Young & Co.
| - |
| Michael Anderson | M | 72 |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 3 Jahre |
| John Huntz | M | 74 |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 10 Jahre |
| Gary L. Smith | M | 78 |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 6 Jahre |
| David I. Wahrhaftig | M | 66 |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 5 Jahre |
| John M. Carradine | M | 65 |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 3 Jahre |
| Thomas E. Riley | M | 69 |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 9 Jahre |
| Dame Carnwath | M | 71 |
MF Global Holdings Ltd.
MF Global Holdings Ltd. Investment Banks/BrokersFinance MF Global Holdings Ltd. provides execution and clearing services for exchange-traded and over-the-counter derivative products. It offers customized solutions in global cash and derivatives markets. The firm also provides research and market commentary to help clients make trading decisions, as well as providing client financing and securities lending services. The company was founded in 2007 and is headquartered in New York, NY. | 2 Jahre |
| Dunia Shive | F | 63 |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 7 Jahre |
| Christopher Smith | M | 76 |
MF Global Holdings Ltd.
MF Global Holdings Ltd. Investment Banks/BrokersFinance MF Global Holdings Ltd. provides execution and clearing services for exchange-traded and over-the-counter derivative products. It offers customized solutions in global cash and derivatives markets. The firm also provides research and market commentary to help clients make trading decisions, as well as providing client financing and securities lending services. The company was founded in 2007 and is headquartered in New York, NY. | - |
| Paul Braverman | M | 74 |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 4 Jahre |
| Rick L. Smith | M | 72 |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 3 Jahre |
| Reed Simmons | M | - |
Arthur Young & Co.
| - |
| Christopher James Bower | M | - |
Arthur Young & Co.
| - |
| Larry H. Haslee | M | - |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 4 Jahre |
| Carol Sands | F | - |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 3 Jahre |
| Jeffrey Conrad Jones | M | - |
Arthur Young & Co.
| 2 Jahre |
Statistik
| Land | Beziehungen | % des Gesamten |
|---|---|---|
| Vereinigte Staaten | 100 | 100,00% |
Alter der Beziehungen
Aktive
Vergangene
Herr
Frau
Aufsichtsräte
Führungskräfte
Ursprung der Beziehungen
