Fiona M. Swaffield

Execution Noble Research Ltd. (Execution Noble Research) is the Great Britain-based research subsidiary of Banco Espirito Santo Investimento SA, ultimately owned by by Banco Espirito Santo SA (XL: BES) in Portugal. Established as Clear Capital Ltd. by Nick Paulson-Ellis in 2003, the firm was subsequently acquired by Execution Noble, which itself was acquired by Banco Espirito Santo de Investimento SA in 2010. Execution Noble Research is headquartered in London and Lisbon, with additional offices in Madrid, Edinburgh, Dublin, Paris, Warsaw, New York, Mexico City, Sao Paulo, Luanda, Mumbai and Hong Kong The firm aims to produce fundamental, objective ideas, informed by primary data.

Execution Noble Research Ltd. (Execution Noble Research) is the Great Britain-based research subsidiary of Banco Espirito Santo Investimento SA, ultimately owned by by Banco Espirito Santo SA (XL: BES) in Portugal. Established as Clear Capital Ltd. by Nick Paulson-Ellis in 2003, the firm was subsequently acquired by Execution Noble, which itself was acquired by Banco Espirito Santo de Investimento SA in 2010. Execution Noble Research is headquartered in London and Lisbon, with additional offices in Madrid, Edinburgh, Dublin, Paris, Warsaw, New York, Mexico City, Sao Paulo, Luanda, Mumbai and Hong Kong The firm aims to produce fundamental, objective ideas, informed by primary data.

Execution Noble Research Ltd. (Execution Noble Research) is the Great Britain-based research subsidiary of Banco Espirito Santo Investimento SA, ultimately owned by by Banco Espirito Santo SA (XL: BES) in Portugal. Established as Clear Capital Ltd. by Nick Paulson-Ellis in 2003, the firm was subsequently acquired by Execution Noble, which itself was acquired by Banco Espirito Santo de Investimento SA in 2010. Execution Noble Research is headquartered in London and Lisbon, with additional offices in Madrid, Edinburgh, Dublin, Paris, Warsaw, New York, Mexico City, Sao Paulo, Luanda, Mumbai and Hong Kong The firm aims to produce fundamental, objective ideas, informed by primary data.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

Execution Noble Research Ltd. (Execution Noble Research) is the Great Britain-based research subsidiary of Banco Espirito Santo Investimento SA, ultimately owned by by Banco Espirito Santo SA (XL: BES) in Portugal. Established as Clear Capital Ltd. by Nick Paulson-Ellis in 2003, the firm was subsequently acquired by Execution Noble, which itself was acquired by Banco Espirito Santo de Investimento SA in 2010. Execution Noble Research is headquartered in London and Lisbon, with additional offices in Madrid, Edinburgh, Dublin, Paris, Warsaw, New York, Mexico City, Sao Paulo, Luanda, Mumbai and Hong Kong The firm aims to produce fundamental, objective ideas, informed by primary data.

Execution Noble Research Ltd. (Execution Noble Research) is the Great Britain-based research subsidiary of Banco Espirito Santo Investimento SA, ultimately owned by by Banco Espirito Santo SA (XL: BES) in Portugal. Established as Clear Capital Ltd. by Nick Paulson-Ellis in 2003, the firm was subsequently acquired by Execution Noble, which itself was acquired by Banco Espirito Santo de Investimento SA in 2010. Execution Noble Research is headquartered in London and Lisbon, with additional offices in Madrid, Edinburgh, Dublin, Paris, Warsaw, New York, Mexico City, Sao Paulo, Luanda, Mumbai and Hong Kong The firm aims to produce fundamental, objective ideas, informed by primary data.

Execution Noble Research Ltd. (Execution Noble Research) is the Great Britain-based research subsidiary of Banco Espirito Santo Investimento SA, ultimately owned by by Banco Espirito Santo SA (XL: BES) in Portugal. Established as Clear Capital Ltd. by Nick Paulson-Ellis in 2003, the firm was subsequently acquired by Execution Noble, which itself was acquired by Banco Espirito Santo de Investimento SA in 2010. Execution Noble Research is headquartered in London and Lisbon, with additional offices in Madrid, Edinburgh, Dublin, Paris, Warsaw, New York, Mexico City, Sao Paulo, Luanda, Mumbai and Hong Kong The firm aims to produce fundamental, objective ideas, informed by primary data.

Execution Noble Research Ltd. (Execution Noble Research) is the Great Britain-based research subsidiary of Banco Espirito Santo Investimento SA, ultimately owned by by Banco Espirito Santo SA (XL: BES) in Portugal. Established as Clear Capital Ltd. by Nick Paulson-Ellis in 2003, the firm was subsequently acquired by Execution Noble, which itself was acquired by Banco Espirito Santo de Investimento SA in 2010. Execution Noble Research is headquartered in London and Lisbon, with additional offices in Madrid, Edinburgh, Dublin, Paris, Warsaw, New York, Mexico City, Sao Paulo, Luanda, Mumbai and Hong Kong The firm aims to produce fundamental, objective ideas, informed by primary data.

Execution Noble Research Ltd. (Execution Noble Research) is the Great Britain-based research subsidiary of Banco Espirito Santo Investimento SA, ultimately owned by by Banco Espirito Santo SA (XL: BES) in Portugal. Established as Clear Capital Ltd. by Nick Paulson-Ellis in 2003, the firm was subsequently acquired by Execution Noble, which itself was acquired by Banco Espirito Santo de Investimento SA in 2010. Execution Noble Research is headquartered in London and Lisbon, with additional offices in Madrid, Edinburgh, Dublin, Paris, Warsaw, New York, Mexico City, Sao Paulo, Luanda, Mumbai and Hong Kong The firm aims to produce fundamental, objective ideas, informed by primary data.

Execution Noble Research Ltd. (Execution Noble Research) is the Great Britain-based research subsidiary of Banco Espirito Santo Investimento SA, ultimately owned by by Banco Espirito Santo SA (XL: BES) in Portugal. Established as Clear Capital Ltd. by Nick Paulson-Ellis in 2003, the firm was subsequently acquired by Execution Noble, which itself was acquired by Banco Espirito Santo de Investimento SA in 2010. Execution Noble Research is headquartered in London and Lisbon, with additional offices in Madrid, Edinburgh, Dublin, Paris, Warsaw, New York, Mexico City, Sao Paulo, Luanda, Mumbai and Hong Kong The firm aims to produce fundamental, objective ideas, informed by primary data.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

Execution Noble Research Ltd. (Execution Noble Research) is the Great Britain-based research subsidiary of Banco Espirito Santo Investimento SA, ultimately owned by by Banco Espirito Santo SA (XL: BES) in Portugal. Established as Clear Capital Ltd. by Nick Paulson-Ellis in 2003, the firm was subsequently acquired by Execution Noble, which itself was acquired by Banco Espirito Santo de Investimento SA in 2010. Execution Noble Research is headquartered in London and Lisbon, with additional offices in Madrid, Edinburgh, Dublin, Paris, Warsaw, New York, Mexico City, Sao Paulo, Luanda, Mumbai and Hong Kong The firm aims to produce fundamental, objective ideas, informed by primary data.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

Execution Noble Research Ltd. (Execution Noble Research) is the Great Britain-based research subsidiary of Banco Espirito Santo Investimento SA, ultimately owned by by Banco Espirito Santo SA (XL: BES) in Portugal. Established as Clear Capital Ltd. by Nick Paulson-Ellis in 2003, the firm was subsequently acquired by Execution Noble, which itself was acquired by Banco Espirito Santo de Investimento SA in 2010. Execution Noble Research is headquartered in London and Lisbon, with additional offices in Madrid, Edinburgh, Dublin, Paris, Warsaw, New York, Mexico City, Sao Paulo, Luanda, Mumbai and Hong Kong The firm aims to produce fundamental, objective ideas, informed by primary data.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

Execution Noble Research Ltd. (Execution Noble Research) is the Great Britain-based research subsidiary of Banco Espirito Santo Investimento SA, ultimately owned by by Banco Espirito Santo SA (XL: BES) in Portugal. Established as Clear Capital Ltd. by Nick Paulson-Ellis in 2003, the firm was subsequently acquired by Execution Noble, which itself was acquired by Banco Espirito Santo de Investimento SA in 2010. Execution Noble Research is headquartered in London and Lisbon, with additional offices in Madrid, Edinburgh, Dublin, Paris, Warsaw, New York, Mexico City, Sao Paulo, Luanda, Mumbai and Hong Kong The firm aims to produce fundamental, objective ideas, informed by primary data.

Execution Noble Research Ltd. (Execution Noble Research) is the Great Britain-based research subsidiary of Banco Espirito Santo Investimento SA, ultimately owned by by Banco Espirito Santo SA (XL: BES) in Portugal. Established as Clear Capital Ltd. by Nick Paulson-Ellis in 2003, the firm was subsequently acquired by Execution Noble, which itself was acquired by Banco Espirito Santo de Investimento SA in 2010. Execution Noble Research is headquartered in London and Lisbon, with additional offices in Madrid, Edinburgh, Dublin, Paris, Warsaw, New York, Mexico City, Sao Paulo, Luanda, Mumbai and Hong Kong The firm aims to produce fundamental, objective ideas, informed by primary data.

Execution Noble Research Ltd. (Execution Noble Research) is the Great Britain-based research subsidiary of Banco Espirito Santo Investimento SA, ultimately owned by by Banco Espirito Santo SA (XL: BES) in Portugal. Established as Clear Capital Ltd. by Nick Paulson-Ellis in 2003, the firm was subsequently acquired by Execution Noble, which itself was acquired by Banco Espirito Santo de Investimento SA in 2010. Execution Noble Research is headquartered in London and Lisbon, with additional offices in Madrid, Edinburgh, Dublin, Paris, Warsaw, New York, Mexico City, Sao Paulo, Luanda, Mumbai and Hong Kong The firm aims to produce fundamental, objective ideas, informed by primary data.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

Execution Noble Research Ltd. (Execution Noble Research) is the Great Britain-based research subsidiary of Banco Espirito Santo Investimento SA, ultimately owned by by Banco Espirito Santo SA (XL: BES) in Portugal. Established as Clear Capital Ltd. by Nick Paulson-Ellis in 2003, the firm was subsequently acquired by Execution Noble, which itself was acquired by Banco Espirito Santo de Investimento SA in 2010. Execution Noble Research is headquartered in London and Lisbon, with additional offices in Madrid, Edinburgh, Dublin, Paris, Warsaw, New York, Mexico City, Sao Paulo, Luanda, Mumbai and Hong Kong The firm aims to produce fundamental, objective ideas, informed by primary data.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

Execution Noble Research Ltd. (Execution Noble Research) is the Great Britain-based research subsidiary of Banco Espirito Santo Investimento SA, ultimately owned by by Banco Espirito Santo SA (XL: BES) in Portugal. Established as Clear Capital Ltd. by Nick Paulson-Ellis in 2003, the firm was subsequently acquired by Execution Noble, which itself was acquired by Banco Espirito Santo de Investimento SA in 2010. Execution Noble Research is headquartered in London and Lisbon, with additional offices in Madrid, Edinburgh, Dublin, Paris, Warsaw, New York, Mexico City, Sao Paulo, Luanda, Mumbai and Hong Kong The firm aims to produce fundamental, objective ideas, informed by primary data.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.

RBC Europe Ltd. is the Great Britain-based broker/dealer subsidiary of RBC Europe Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada (TSE: RY) in Canada. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1970 and provides a full spectrum of brokerage services specifically tailored for both retail and institutional investors. The firm is active in several markets, exchanges, and electronic trading platforms.