Richard Tan

Putnam Investment Management LLC (PIM) is a SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1971, the firm is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam US Holdings I LLC and became an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc. (NYSE: BEN) in 2024. PIM provides investment advice across all asset classes to individuals and institutions worldwide through separately managed accounts and pooled investment funds.

Putnam Investments LLC operates as an investment advisory company. The company was founded on May 14, 2009 and is headquartered in Boston, MA.

Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston engages in the provision of financial services. It offers advances, mortgage partnership finance, housing and economic growth, letters of credit, correspondent services, and online banking. The company was founded in 1932 and is headquartered in Boston, MA.

Columbia Management Investment Advisers LLC (CMIA) is a SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP). The firm was formed in 2010 due to Ameriprise Financial Services' (AFS) acquisition of the long-term asset management business of Columbia Management Group (CMG) from Bank of America. AFS merged CMG's long-term asset management business with their subsidiary, RiverSource Investments LLC, under the name Columbia Management Investment Advisors. CMIA offers equity and fixed-income retail and institutional investment products for various types of clients.

SSgA Funds Management, Inc. (SSgA FM) is a SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm was founded in 1978 and is a subsidiary of State Street Global Advisors, Inc., ultimately held by State Street Corp. (NYSE: STT). SSgA FM provides investment advisory services to US investment companies and certain pooled investment vehicles.

FMR LLC engages in the provision of financial and investment services. It offers financial planning and advice, wealth management, retirement plans, trading and brokerage services, and investment products. The company was founded by Edward C. Johnson II in 1946 and is headquartered in Boston, MA.

Empower Holdings, Inc. engages in the provision of insurance brokerage services. It offers term life, major medical, annuities, disability, long term care, health, and consultancy services to trades unions, individuals, and business marketplace. The company was founded in 1998 and is headquartered in Greenwood Village, CO.

Covestor Ltd. is an investment advisory firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 2006 and do-business-as Interactive Advisors, Interactive Advisers, Interactive Brokers Asset Management, IB Asset Management, and IBKR Asset Management. It is owned by Covestor, Inc. and their ultimate parent is Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: IBKR) in the US. Covestor offers an online investment platform through which its clients (individuals, trusts, corporations and other legal entities) can invest in two types of portfolios: (1) trading strategies managed by third-party portfolio managers (“Manager Portfolios”) and (2) proprietary investment portfolios designed and managed by the firm itself (“Interactive Advisors Portfolios”).

Covestor, Inc. operates as a online investment management platform. Its platform and technology allows delivering specialized active and passive investing solutions at a lower cost and with the benefit of online convenience. Its platform give investors access to institutional style investment strategies, delivered in the security of their own brokerage accounts. The company was founded by Perry Rael Blacher, Richard Kevork Tahta and Simon Veingard in 2007 and is headquartered in Boston, MA.

Mackenzie Financial Corp. (dba Mackenzie Investments) is a Canadian asset management firm headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The firm was founded in 1967 and is a direct subsidiary of Mackenzie, Inc., ultimately held by Power Corp. of Canada (TSE: POW). Mackenzie Investments provides discretionary investment advisory services to Canadian mutual funds, such as exchange-traded funds, Separately Managed Accounts, and one closed-end fund listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

Cephalon, Inc. manufactures and distributes pharmaceutical products. It engages in the discovery and development of medicines for central nervous system disorders, pain, and cancer. The company was founded on August 24, 1987 by Frank Baldino, Jr. and is headquartered in Frazer, PA.

Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC (Credit Suisse Securities USA) is the broker/dealer division of Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, an investment banking company headquartered in New York City. The firm was founded in 1998 and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Credit Suisse (USA), Inc., ultimately owned by Credit Suisse Group AG (SWX: CSGN) in Switzerland. Credit Suisse Securities USA offers a suite of equities, solutions and credit products and services which includes global securities sales, trading and execution, prime brokerage and comprehensive investment research. Their clients include financial institutions, corporations, governments, institutional investors, such as pension funds and hedge funds, and private individuals around the world.

Part of ICI Solutions, Inc., en Technologies Corp. provides software and computer content services and products. The company is based in Coral Gables, FL. en Technologies was acquired by ICI Solutions, Inc. on November 06, 2006.

Mellon Investments Corp. is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1983, the firm is a subsidiary of MBC Investments Corp., ultimately held by the Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (BNY Mellon Corp.) (NYSE: BK). In 2018, two other indirect subsidiaries of BNY Mellon Corp., the Boston Company Asset Management LLC (TBCAM) and Standish Mellon Asset Management Company LLC, merged into Mellon Capital Management Corp. and the firm was renamed BNY Mellon Asset Management North America Corp. In 2019, BNY Mellon Asset Management North America Corp. was renamed Mellon Investments Corp. Mellon Investments provides discretionary and non-discretionary investment advice to both individual and institutional clients.

Part of Manulife Financial Corp., John Hancock Funds, Inc. provides investment services. The company is based in Lansdowne, PA. Andrew Grant Arnott has been the CEO of the company since 2012.

Susquehanna Financial Group LLLP (SFG) is an institutional broker-dealer headquartered in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 2002 and is a direct subsidiary of SFG Holding LLC, which is owned by Bodel, Inc. SFG offers a full range of order execution and trading flow services, with a focus on delivering innovative trading strategies and execution services to institutional clients.

Digi-Key Corp. distributes electronic components. It also distributes semiconductors, discrete, electromechanical parts. Its products include audio products, batteries, cable assemblies, capacitors, computer & video accessories, connectors, crystals & oscillators, discrete semiconductor products and many more. The company was founded by Ronald A. Stordahl in 1972 and is headquartered in Thief River Falls, MN.

Massachusetts Financial Services Co., do-business-as MFS Investment Management (MFS), is a SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm was founded in 1924 and is a subsidiary of Sun Life of Canada (US) Financial Services Holdings, Inc., ultimately held by Sun Life Financial, Inc. (TSE, NYSE: SLF) in Canada. The firm provides investment advisory and sub-advisory services to a range of institutional clients and pooled investment vehicles. MFS is a responsible investor and signatory to the UN Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI).