Douglas Ledingham

Columbia Threadneedle Asset Managers Ltd. (CTAM) is an asset management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1990 as F&C Asset Managers Ltd. and renamed BMO Asset Managers Ltd. in 2018. They changed their name to Columbia Threadneedle Asset Managers Ltd. when BMO rebranded to Columbia Threadneedle Investments in 2022. The firm is a subsidiary of Columbia Threadneedle AM (Holdings) Plc, ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. CTAM manages a range of in-house and multi-manager funds for private individuals and institutional clients.

MacKay Shields LLC is a registered investment advisor headquartered in New York City. The original predecessor to the firm, MacKay-Shields Economics, was founded in 1938 as an economic consulting firm and it became MacKay Shields Financial Corp. (MSFC) in 1969. In 1984, MSFC was purchased by New York Life Insurance Co. (NYLIC). NYLIC established New York Life Investment Management Holdings LLC (NYLIM Holdings) in 1999 and transferred ownership of MSFC to NYLIM Holdings. In 1999, MSFC was converted to MacKay Shields LLC. The ownership, control and management of MacKay Shields did not change as a result of this conversion. The firm is wholly owned by NYLIM Holdings, which is wholly-owned by NYLIC. MacKay Shields provides discretionary investment management services primarily to institutional clients. The firm is a signatory of the United Nation Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI).

abrdn Investments Ltd. (aIL) is an asset management firm headquartered in Midlothian, UK. The firm was founded in 1987 and formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Managers Ltd. They are a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., wholly-owned by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN). aIL provides their clients with discretionary and non-discretionary asset management and related services across a broad range of investment strategies and asset classes. They also offer an alternative platform which encompasses multi-manager research, selection and portfolio management for hedge funds strategies.

Janus Henderson Investors UK Ltd. (JHI UK) is the wholly-owned global asset management subsidiary of Janus Henderson UK (Holdings) Ltd., ultimately held by Janus Henderson Group Plc (LON: 0RPW; NYSE: JHG) in Great Britain. The firm was founded in 1934 and formerly known as Henderson Global Investors Ltd. Headquartered in London, JHI UK is a client-centric, sustainable and responsible investor which provides investment management services to individuals, private banks, third party distributors, insurance companies, pension funds, government bodies, investment trusts, charities and corporate entities.

Newton Investment Management Ltd. (Newton) is the wholly-owned, Great Britain-based investment management subsidiary of Newton Management Ltd., ultimately held by The Bank of New York Mellon Corp. (NYSE: BK) (BNY Mellon) in the US. The firm was founded in 1978 as a joint venture with Scottish insurance broker Reed Stenhouse. In 1986 they were acquired by Alexander & Alexander and were renamed Newton Investment Management. Headquartered in London, Newton provides investment products and services to a wide range of clients, such as pension funds, charities, corporations and individuals (via BNY Mellon). Newton is a signatory to the UN Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI).

abrdn Investment Management Ltd. (AIM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of Standard Life Investments Holdings Ltd., itself a wholly-owned subsidiary of abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. Formerly known as Standard Life Investments Ltd., the firm was founded in 1990 as the dedicated investment arm of the Standard Life group. Headquartered in Edinburgh, AIM is a socially responsible investor which offers Standard Life Ethical Funds for investors concerned about environmental and social issues. Their flagship is the UK Select Fund.

Anglian Water Group Ltd. provides water and sewage services. The firm engages in water supply and distribution, sewage collection and treatment, and property development activities. It provides regulated water, water recycling, and environmental services. The company was founded in 2000 and is headquartered in Huntingdon, the United Kingdom.

Osprey Acquisitions Ltd. engages in water supply, treatment and distribution; sewage collection and treatment; and retail services to water and water recycling customers. The company was founded on August 24, 2006 and is headquartered in the United Kingdom.

Electricity North West Ltd. owns, operates, and maintains an electricity distribution network. It offers safety advice and incident reporting, energy saving advice, flooding advice, report electricity theft, metering pint administrative services, and community and local energy. The company was founded on April 1, 1989 and is headquartered in Stockport, the United Kingdom.

NWEN Finance Plc operates as a financing subsidiary and special purpose entity. The company was founded on January 23, 2013 and is headquartered in Warrington, the United Kingdom.

AEGON Investment Management BV (Netherlands) (AEGON-IM) is the wholly-owned investment management subsidiary of AEGON Asset Management Holding BV, itself a subsidiary of AEGON NV (XA: AGN, ADR: AEG), the Netherlands-based life insurance group. Established in 1968, originally focusing their activity in the Netherlands, the US and Great Britain, the firm is located in The Hague and is a fixed-income specialist which manages pension funds for institutional investors.

AXA Investment Managers UK Ltd. (AXA IM-UK) is the UK-based investment subsidiary of AXA Framlington Group Ltd., itself a subsidiary of AXA SA (XP: CS, ADR: AXAHY) in France. The firm is headquartered in London and was founded in 1979. AXA IM-UK manages a diverse range of pooled funds and offers tailor-made investment products for liability management. They specialize in institutional pension fund management and individual retirement savings products.

Franklin Templeton Investment Management Ltd. (FTIML) is the Great Britain-based global investment management subsidiary of Franklin Templeton Global Investors Ltd., itself a subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc. (NYSE: BEN) in the US. Founded in 1985, FTIML is headquartered in London and provides investment advisory and portfolio management services to clients in jurisdictions worldwide, which include registered open-end and closed-end funds and unregistered funds, as well as Separate Accounts for institutional and high net-worth clients.

Columbia Threadneedle (EM) Investments Ltd. (Columbia Threadneedle EMI) is a specialist fund management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded in 1995 and formerly known as LGM Investments Ltd. In 2021, they became a wholly owned subsidiary of Columbia Threadneedle Investments UK International Ltd., which is owned by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. The legal entity of LGM Investments Ltd. became Columbia Threadneedle (EM) Investments Ltd. in 2022. Columbia Threadneedle EMI provides a broad range of actively managed investment strategies and solutions for individual, institutional and corporate clients around the world.

Aviva Investors Global Services Ltd. (AIGSL) is the wholly-owned asset management subsidiary of Aviva Investors Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by Aviva plc (LSE: AV, ADR: AV) in Great Britain. Previously known as Morley Fund Management Ltd., the firm was founded in 1973, merged with Norwich Union Investment Management Ltd. in 2000 and underwent restructuring in 2008. Headquartered in London, AIGSL provides investment management services and related advisory to various subsidiaries of the Aviva Group and external clients such as retail funds, pension funds, and other institutional investors.

State Street Global Advisors Ltd. (SSGAL) is an investment management firm headquartered in London, UK. Founded in 1990, the firm is a wholly-owned subsidiary of State Street Global Advisors International Holdings Inc., ultimately held by State Street Corp. (NYSE: STT) in the US. SSGAL offers a variety of asset management solutions to pension funds, investment management companies, insurance companies, central banks, and family offices.

Bechtel Corp. operates as an engineering, construction, and project management company. Its portfolio encompasses energy, transportation, communications, mining, oil and gas, and government services. The firm also raises finance from a host of international lenders including commercial banks, multilateral and bilateral lending institutions, export credit agencies, and the capital markets. The company was founded by Warren A. Bechtel in 1898 and is headquartered in San Francisco, CA.

First Sentier Investors (Hong Kong) Ltd. (FSIHK) is a registered investment adviser headquartered in Hong Kong. The firm was founded in 1987 and previously known as CMG First State Hong Kong and as First State Investors (Hong Kong) Ltd. They are a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of First Sentier Investors Asia Holdings Ltd. and their ultimate parent is Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. (TYO: 8306, NYSE: MUFG) in Japan. FSIHK provides discretionary investment management services primarily to non-US institutional clients and pooled investment vehicles or funds that invest in a number of asset classes. They also provide investment advisory services to a group affiliate located in the US.

Digita Oy provides television and radio broadcast tower infrastructure. It offers television and video, IoT, data center, site, radio and customer-driven consultancy services. The firm serves television and radio broadcasting companies, as well as mobile and broadband operators. The company was founded in January 1999 and is headquartered in Helsinki, Finland.

First Sentier Investors UK Holdings Ltd. operates as investment holding company. The company was founded on January 11, 2000 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

Deutsche Bank AG (Deutsche Bank UK) is the UK-based securities brokerage division of Deutsche Bank AG (ETR: DBK) in Germany. The firm is headquartered in London and was founded in 1873. Deutsche Bank provides brokerage services to companies and institutions.

Anglian Water Services Ltd. provides water and wastewater services. Its services include water supply, water recycling services and other business services such as rippleffect, carbon trust water standard, save money cut carbon, active water management, find every drop, save every drop, drop cost, and drop risk. The company was founded on April 01, 1989 and is headquartered in Huntingdon, the United Kingdom.

First Sentier Investors (Australia) IM Ltd. (FSIAIM) is the wholly-owned Australian asset management subsidiary of First Sentier Investors Holdings Pty Ltd., ultimately held by Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. (MUFG) (TYO: 8306) in Japan. The firm was founded as Colonial First State Asset Management (Australia) Ltd. (CFSAMA) in 2005 as a separate business from the retail product distribution services offered by Colonial First State Investments. Headquartered in Barangaroo, FSIAIM provides investment, superannuation and retirement products to individuals as well as corporate and superannuation fund investors. Their clients are institutional investors and accredited investors.

JPMorgan Securities (Singapore) Pte Ltd. (JPMorgan Securities SG) is a broker-dealer headquartered in Singapore. The firm is a subsidiary of JPMorgan International Holdings Ltd., which is owned by JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE: JPM) in the US. JPMorgan Securities SG provides securities and prime services to local corporations and institutions, multinationals, government and private clients.

Chikara Investments LLP (Chikara) is an alternative investment manager headquartered in London, UK. The firm was co-founded by Angus Coupland and D. Richard Cardiff in 2005 as Coupland Cardiff Asset Management LLP. They are a subsidiary of CCAM Asia Ltd., which is owned by Coupland Cardiff Management (Cayman) Ltd. The firm manages capacity constrained, index agnostic, long only strategies on behalf of pension funds, family offices and other institutions. Chikara is a signatory to the UN Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI).

RBC Global Asset Management (UK) Ltd. (RBC GAM-UK) is the Great Britain-based, wholly-owned asset management subsidiary of Royal Bank of Canada Holdings UK Ltd., ultimately held by Royal Bank of Canada (TSE, NYSE: RY) in Canada. The firm is headquartered in London and was founded in 1998. RBC GAM-UK provides equity and fixed income solutions to a broad range of institutional clients.

North West Electricity Networks Plc operates as a holding company. It engages in electricity distribution services. The company is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

ENW Capital Finance plc engages in the provision of financial services. It focuses its operation on the Northwest of England. The company was founded on April 08, 2009 and is headquartered in Stockport, the United Kingdom.

ENW Finance PLC provides investment and financial services. It issues notes and lends the net proceeds to a fellow group subsidiary and affiliated company. The company was founded on March 12, 2009 and is headquartered in Stockport, the United Kingdom.

Part of Anglian Water Group Ltd., AWG Parent Co. Ltd. provides water services. The company is based in Huntingdon, UK.

Part of Commonwealth Bank of Australia, First Sentier Investors (UK) Services Ltd. is a British company that provides investment services. The company is based in London, UK and was founded in 2000.

Part of Anglian Water Group Ltd., Osprey Holdco Ltd. provides water supply services. The company is based in Huntingdon, UK.

Part of North West Electricity Networks (Jersey) Ltd., North West Electricity Networks (UK) Ltd. is a British company that provides energy efficiency advice services to help customers save money on household bills. The company is based in Warrington, UK. The company offers services such as Extra Care register, payment for generating electricity or reducing consumption, and look after the overhead lines, underground cables, and substations that make up the electricity network to provide power to their customers.

Novar Projects Ltd. provides investment services. The company is headquartered in Bracknell, the United Kingdom.

Southern Water Ltd. provides water and waste water services. Its services include trade effluent, tankered waste imports, and biosolids. The company was founded on April 1, 1989 and is headquartered in Worthing, United Kingdom.

The Homes & Communities Agency is a government organization based in the United Kingdom. The agency was replaced by Homes England and regulator of social housing. The agency's main function was to provide affordable home ownership and guidelines for identity systems. The agency also released policy papers and consultations on various topics related to housing and local services.

CBRE Investment Management Listed Real Assets UK Ltd. (CBRE Investment Management-UK) is the investment management subsidiary of CBRE Investment Management Listed Real Assets LLC, ultimately held by CBRE Group, Inc. (NYSE: CBRE) in the US. Formerly known as CBRE Clarion Securities UK Ltd., the firm was founded in 2006 through CB Richard Ellis Group, Inc. (CBRE)'s acquisition of ING Clarion Real Estate Securities (CRES) from Netherlands-based ING Group NV. CBRE acquired substantially all of ING's real estate investment management operations in Europe. Headquartered in London, CBRE Investment Management-UK provides asset management services to individual and institutional clients.

Perennial Investment Partners Ltd. (Netherlands) (Perennial-Netherlands) is the Netherlands-based asset management division of Perennial Investment Partners Ltd., ultimately owned by IOOF Holdings Ltd. (ASX: IFL) in Australia. Headquartered in Amsterdam, Perennial-Netherlands was founded in 2007 and manages equities portfolios on behalf of retail and institutional investors.

First State Investments International Ltd. engages in security and commodity contract dealing activities. The company was founded on June 20, 1982 and is headquartered in Ediinburgh, the United Kingdom.

Caruna Networks Oy engages in the distribution of electricity. It provide power to private and corporate customers. The company was founded in 2014 and is headquartered in Espoo, Finland.

Founded in 1988, First Sentier Investors (UK) Funds Ltd. is a subsidiary of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. that provides investment advice. The company is based in London, UK.

Utilitas OÜ distributes thermal energy and electricity. It provides district heating services. The company was founded on December 14, 2011 and is headquartered in Tallinn, Estonia.

Mahout Worldwide Leaders Fund (DST) operates as a pooled investment fund. The company is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.

BennBridge Ltd. is an investment management firm headquartered in London, UK. The firm was founded by Paul Marriage in 2017 as New 03 Ltd. They are a subsidiary of BennBridge Hold Co., Ltd., ultimately owned by Bangarra Group Ltd. in Australia. BennBridge develops and distributes actively managed equity funds and offers high-grade service and investment solutions to institutional and intermediary clients.

Part of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc., First State Investments (UK Holdings) Ltd. is a British company that generates investment ideas in-house and follows a rigorous research process to invest in good quality companies. The company is based in London, UK and is a dedicated and ambitious group of long-term investors with a shared set of values and a passion for investing in high-quality companies that are well-positioned to meet the challenges of sustainable development. The company believes in partnerships with clients, invested companies, and society. The company launched their first emerging markets sustainability strategy in 2009 and have continued to refine their ideas around quality.

Aikya Investment Management Ltd. is an independent, British employee-owned investment management company that specializes in managing Emerging Markets equity portfolios. The private company is based in London, UK, and has subsidiaries in the United States. The company's purpose is to generate compelling long-term returns by investing in sustainable businesses in Emerging Markets. Aikya Australia Unit Trust fund aims to achieve long-term capital growth by investing in equities in emerging market economies. The CEO of the company is Ashish Swarup.

Moody's Investors Service Ltd. is the Great Britain-based investment research subsidiary of Moody's Corp. (NYSE: MCO) in the US. The firm was founded in 1985 under the name Rapidcredit Ltd. Headquartered in London, Moody's Investors Service provides credit ratings, research, and risk analysis. Credit ratings and research help investors analyze the credit risks associated with fixed-income securities. Such independent credit ratings and research also contribute to efficiencies in fixed-income markets and other obligations, such as insurance policies and derivative transactions, by providing credible and independent assessments of credit risk.