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The Latin America Equity Fund, Inc. (formerly known as The Latin America Investment Fund, Inc.) (the 'Company'), a corporation organized under the laws of the state of Maryland, confirms its agreement with Aberdeen Asset Management Investment Services Limited (the 'Adviser'), a corporation organized under the laws of United Kingdom

First Israel Fund, Inc. is a closed ended mutual fund. The Fund may invest up to 80% of its total assets in 'Asian debt securities', and may be denominated in an Asian Country currency or in Australian, New Zealand or U.S. dollars.

abrdn Global Income Fund, Inc. is a closed-end, non-diversified management investment company. It engages in the provision of high current income by investing primarily in fixed income securities. It also seeks capital appreciation, but only when consistent with its principal investment objective. The company was founded on June 28, 1991 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

Aberdeen Emerging Markets Debt Local Currency Fund, Inc. operates as a closed-end investment fund/investment trust. The fund seeks to provide current income and capital appreciation by investing its assets in a portfolio of emerging markets sovereign and corporate debt securities denominated in foreign currencies (Emerging Markets Debt Securities). It was founded on December 15, 2010 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

abrdn, Inc. is SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1995, the firm was formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. and as Aberdeen Standard Investments, Inc. until it became abrdn, Inc. in 2022. They are a subsidiary of abrdn Holdings Ltd., ultimately held by abrdn Plc (LON: ABDN) in Great Britain. abrdn provides investment products and solutions to various clients across the world.

Stradley Ronon Stevens & Young LLP provides legal services. Its clients include banks, health care providers, Internet companies, lenders & borrowers, manufacturing companies, emerging & start-up companies, brokers & dealers, and technical companies. The company was founded in 1926 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

Aberdeen Emerging Markets Equity Income Fund, Inc. is a non-diversified closed-end, management investment company. The fund’s principal investment objective is to seek both current income and long-term capital appreciation by investing primarily in emerging markets equity securities. It invests its assets in Chilean equity and debt securities. The company was founded on January 30, 1989 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

Aberdeen Emerging Markets Smaller Co. Opportunities Fund, Inc. operates as a closed-end investment fund/investment trust. It seeks long-term capital appreciation by investing primarily in equity securities of telecommunications companies in emerging market. The company was founded on October 12, 1993 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

Aberdeen Israel Fund, Inc. is a non-diversified closed-end, management investment company. It invests its assets in Israeli equity securities. The company was founded on March 6, 1990 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

Aberdeen Indonesia Fund, Inc. is a non-diversified closed-end, management investment company. It invests its assets in Indonesian equity and debt securities. The company was founded on January 8, 1990 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

Aberdeen Latin America Equity Fund, Inc. is a non-diversified closed-end, management investment company. It invests its assets in Latin American equity securities. The company was founded on April 17, 1990 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

Aberdeen Global Short Duration Income Fund, Inc. is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company. Its investment objective is to seek capital appreciation and will seek to achieve its investment objectives by investing primarily in a geographically diverse portfolio of below investment grade floating rate loans and floating and fixed rate high yield debt securities. The Fund will invest in loans and other debt securities of issuers located in the United States and in non U. S. countries. Aberdeen Global Short Duration Income was founded on August 28, 2009 and is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.

abrdn Global Infrastructure Income Fund is a newly organized, non-diversified, closed-end management investment company. The Fund's investment objective is to seek to provide a level of total return with an emphasis on current income. Its investment portfolios include Public & Private/Direct Infrastructure Investments. The company is headquartered in Philadelphia, PA.