William T. Lissenden

abrdn utilizes various investment approaches when managing discretionary client accounts and providing recommendations to non-discretionary clients. The firm utilizes a bottom-up, fundamental stock-picking approach, where sector, regional and country allocations are a residual of their bottom-up stock selection decisions, constrained by appropriate risk controls.

DIMA typically invest in securities that appear to offer the best potential to meet client needs, which may include any number of factors such as: yield, value, growth, income, etc. The firm utilizes a variety of quantitative and qualitative techniques in trying to meet clients' investment objectives. Portfolio management constructs the strategy using a combination of top-down macro views and bottom-up research along with risk management strategies.

40/86 primarily invests client’s assets in multiple classes of fixed income securities and investments. The firm builds each portfolio from the bottom-up by selecting undervalued securities through proprietary, independent research. They place an emphasis on relative value, looking for opportunities where the market price of a security does not appropriately reflect its intrinsic value. The objective is to invest in those securities that the firm believes are undervalued and then sell them when they become fully valued in the market. 40/86 also perform a top-down asset allocation and performance attribution analysis. The firm’s portfolio managers have decision-making authority over investment decisions.